1. The Categories of Costs in Interantional Arbitration There are mainly two categories of costs in international arbitration: (1) Cost of the reference, namely, the legal costs, expert costs and witnesses costs etc., which borne by each party respectively; (2) Costs of the award, mainly refers to the fees of arbitrators (the arbitral tribunal). (1) Cost of...Read More

Issue Esptopel Principle – A Ground for Refusing to Enforce An International Arbitral Award? Introduction to the issue The recent UK High Court case of iag Human SE v The Czech Repblic [2014] EWHC 1639 (Comm) has sparked interest and debate in the international arbitration community over Issue Esptopel. In that case, the High Court...Read More